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Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 Antibody

Pricing & Availability
Clone
4G3 (See other available formats)
Regulatory Status
RUO
Other Names
TG2, TTG, Tissue Transglutaminase, tTG, Transglutaminase II, TGase II, Protein-Glutamine Deamidase, Transglutaminase C
Isotype
Mouse IgG1, κ
Ave. Rating
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Product Citations
publications
4G3_A647_TGM2_Antibody_1_121625
IHC staining with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human endometrium tissue. Following antigen retrieval using Citrate Buffer (Cat. No. 420902), the tissue was incubated with Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (panel A) (Cat. No. 400136) and with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) (panel B). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801). Images were captured with a 40X objective and merged. Scale bar: 50 µm
  • 4G3_A647_TGM2_Antibody_1_121625
    IHC staining with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human endometrium tissue. Following antigen retrieval using Citrate Buffer (Cat. No. 420902), the tissue was incubated with Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (panel A) (Cat. No. 400136) and with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3) (panel B). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801). Images were captured with a 40X objective and merged. Scale bar: 50 µm
  • 4G3_A647_TGM2_Antibody_2_121625
    Human PBMC-derived macrophages untreated (left panels) or treated (right panels) with recombinant human IL-4 (Cat. No. 574016) and recombinant human IL-13 (Cat. No. 571116) to induce M2 polarization, were fixed and permeabilized with ice-cold methanol and blocked with 5% FBS. Cells were then stained with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3). Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (Cat. No. 422801). The images were captured on a Revvity Operetta CLS™ High Content Analysis System with a 63X objective. Scale bar: 50 µm
  • 4G3_A647_TGM2_Antibody_3_121625
    PC-3 cells (positive control, filled histogram) or HaCat Cells (negative control, open histogram) were fixed and permeabilized using True-Phos™ Perm Buffer (Cat. No. 425401) and intracellularly stained with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3), or Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (open histogram, dashed line, representative of both the positive and negative cell lines) (Cat. No. 400136).
  • 4G3_A647_TGM2_Antibody_4_121625
    Human PBMC-derived macrophages untreated (open histogram) or treated (filled histogram) with recombinant human IL-4 (Cat. No. 574016) and recombinant human IL-13 (Cat. No. 571116). Cells were fixed and permeabilized using True-Phos™ Perm Buffer (Cat. No. 425401) and intracellularly stained with Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 (clone 4G3), or Alexa Fluor® 647 Mouse IgG1, κ Isotype Control (open histogram, dashed line, representative of both the positive and negative cell lines) (Cat. No. 400136).
Compare all formats See Alexa Fluor® 647 spectral data
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641355 25 µg 144€
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641356 100 µg 376€
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Description

Protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase 2, also known as TGM2, is a multifunctional enzyme involved in various biological processes, including cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and tissue repair. It catalyzes protein crosslinking by bonding glutamine and lysine residues. It also functions as a deamidase, GTPase, and protein disulfide isomerase. In macrophages, TGM2 expression is induced by Th2 cytokines and plays an important role in M2 differentiation. These M2 macrophages are involved in anti-inflammatory responses, tissue repair, and remodeling. In addition, TGM2 helps in stabilizing the extracellular matrix and promoting cell adhesion, which are crucial for the proper functioning and differentiation of these macrophages. Dysregulation of TGM2 has been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and fibrosis. Overexpression of TGM2 is associated with tumor progression and chemoresistance, while its role in neurodegeneration involves the formation of protein aggregates.

Product Details
Technical data sheet

Product Details

Verified Reactivity
Human, Mouse
Antibody Type
Monoclonal
Host Species
Mouse
Immunogen
Purified human erythrocyte Transglutaminase 2
Formulation
Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium azide
Preparation
The antibody was purified by affinity chromatography and conjugated with Alexa Fluor® 647 under optimal conditions.
Concentration
0.5 mg/mL
Storage & Handling
The antibody solution should be stored undiluted between 2°C and 8°C, and protected from prolonged exposure to light. Do not freeze.
Application

IHC-P - Quality tested
ICC, ICFC - Verified
Recommended Usage

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded immunohistochemical staining. For immunohistochemistry, a concentration range of 2.5 - 10 µg/mL is suggested. For immunocytochemistry, a concentration range of 2.5 - 10 μg/mL is recommended. For flow cytometric staining using our True-Phos™ Perm Buffer, the suggested use of this reagent is ≤ 0.5 µg per million cells in 100 µL volume. It is recommended that the reagent be titrated for optimal performance for each application.

* Alexa Fluor® 647 has a maximum emission of 668 nm when it is excited at 633 nm / 635 nm.


Alexa Fluor® and Pacific Blue™ are trademarks of Life Technologies Corporation.

View full statement regarding label licenses
Excitation Laser
Red Laser (633 nm)

Antigen Details

Structure
TGM2 is a 686 amino acid length protein with a molecular weight of approximately 77 kDa.
Distribution

TGM2 is predominantly located in the cytoplasm, but it is also present in the plasma membrane, mitochondria, and nucleus. It is also secreted to the ECM. 

Function
• Protein Crosslinking: catalyzes the formation of covalent bonds between glutamine and lysine residues in proteins
• Cell Adhesion: facilitates cell-matrix interactions, aiding in tissue repair and wound healing
• Apoptosis: involved in programmed cell death, contributing to cellular homeostasis
• Signal Transduction: acts as a GTPase, participating in intracellular signaling pathways
• Extracellular Matrix Stabilization: helps in maintaining the structural integrity of the extracellular matrix
Interaction
• ACO2 (Aconitase 2): involved in the citric acid cycle
• HSPB6 (Heat Shock Protein Beta-6): plays a role in muscle function and stress response
• FN1 (Fibronectin 1): important for cell adhesion and wound healing
• HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1): functions in DNA binding and repair
• RAP1GDS1 (RAP1 GTPase-GDP Dissociation Stimulator 1): involved in signal transduction
• SLC25A4/ANT1 (Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 4/Adenine Nucleotide Translocator 1): plays a role in mitochondrial function
• SPP1 (Secreted Phosphoprotein 1): involved in bone remodeling and immune response
• WDR54 (WD Repeat Domain 54): functions are less well characterized
Cell Type
Endothelial cells, Epithelial cells, Leukocytes, Macrophages
Biology Area
Adaptive Immunity, Cancer Biomarkers, Cell Biology, Immuno-Oncology, Immunology, Innate Immunity, Stem Cells
Molecular Family
Enzymes and Regulators
Antigen References
  1. Tatsukawa H, et al. 2021. Cells. 10(7):1842
  2. Jiang SH, et al. 2021. J Cell Sci. 134(11)
  3. Zhang, et al. 2023. Cellular Oncology. 46:1473
  4. Chrobok NL. et al. 2018. Plos One. 13(4)
Regulation
• Calcium Ions: activation is highly dependent on the presence of calcium ions
• GTP/GDP Binding: GTP binding inhibits its transamidation activity, while GDP binding can activate it
• Post-Translational Modifications: phosphorylation and other modifications can influence its activity and localization
• Cytokines: expression can be upregulated by cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13, especially in macrophages
Gene ID
7052 View all products for this Gene ID
UniProt
View information about TGM2 on UniProt.org

Related FAQs

There are no FAQs for this product.

Other Formats

View All TGM2 Reagents Request Custom Conjugation
Description Clone Applications
Purified anti-TGM2 4G3 WB,ICC,ICFC,IHC-P
PE anti-TGM2 4G3 ICFC
Alexa Fluor® 647 anti-TGM2 4G3 IHC-P,ICC,ICFC
Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 12.16.2025

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

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