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PD-1 and T Follicular Regulatory Cells

BioLegend is always excited to both develop reagents for new cell types and share information on these emerging populations. T Follicular Regulatory (TFR) cells are a relatively new subset of T Follicular Helper (TFH) cells. While TFH cells are known to maintain germinal centers and promote B cell maturation, TFR cells are capable of limiting those functions. Both TFR and TFH cells will express programmed death-1 (PD-1, CD279). However, PD-1's role in TFR cells had not been elucidated until Sage, et al. investigated it.

Sage, P. T. et. al. 2013. Nat. Immunol. 14:152-161. Pubmed

TFR cells arise from natural T regulatory cells, but still share many common markers with TFH cells (ICOS, CXCR5, PD-1). Signaling pathways via CD28, SAP, and Bcl-6 are all known to promote TFR cell development. To this point, inhibitory factors for TFR cell development were not as well documented (with the exception of Blimp-1). As PD-1 can inhibit many pathways, Sage et al. decided to examine its role in TFR cells. They found that TFR cells of PD-1-deficient mice exhibited increased TFR cell numbers in lymph nodes and enhanced suppressive capacity on both T effector cells and antibody production. They also discovered the inhibitory effect of PD-1 on TFR cells was mediated mainly by PD-L1 and not PD-L2. Sage et al. also note their studies as the first reporting of TFR cells in the blood of either humans or mice.

T Follicular Regulatory Cell Reagents

Specific Human and Mouse Antibodies

Human
Blimp-1	CD28
CD274 (B7-H1, PD-L1)	CD279 (PD-1)

Mouse
Blimp-1	CD28
CD274 (B7-H1, PD-L1)	CD279 (PD-1)

Buffers

Foxp3 Fix/Perm Buffer Set

Nuclear Factor Fixation and Permeabilization Set

Active Human and Mouse Recombinant Proteins

Human
ICOS-Fc Chimera

Mouse
ICOS-Fc Chimera

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